From: owner-ane@ (ANE Digest) To: ane-digest Subject: ANE Digest V2000 #78 Reply-To: Sender: owner-ane@ Errors-To: owner-ane@ Precedence: bulk ANE Digest Saturday, March 18 2000 Volume 2000 : Number 078 ane Bayesian methods/ DSS Radiocarbon ane Miho Museum ane Coin finds in Armenia: new book Re: ane Excluding evidence (Ancient Israel) Re: ane Excluding evidence (Ancient Israel) Re: ane Excluding evidence (Ancient Israel) Re: ane Excluding evidence ane New Journal: Cahiers =?iso-8859-1?Q?Carib=E9ens?= d'Egyptologie ane High priest list in Josephus AJ 10,8,6 ane Ancient Judah Re: ane Excluding evidence (Ancient Israel) re: ane re: Dan ane _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ ane Job - Chicago - HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 12:17:55 +0100 From: Greg Doudna Subject: ane Bayesian methods/ DSS Radiocarbon The radiocarbon calibration program Oxcal v3.3, designed by Christopher Ramsey (cited in Mark Hall's post below), allows input of various parameters external to the radiocarbon data and the use of Bayesian analysis. Any radiocarbon dates can be calibrated with this program (i.e. one inputs the lab reported "BP" measurement and receives a calendar year calibration, either in numbers or graphically). With Oxcal v3.3 one can add additional information, e.g. suppose there is terminus a quo, terminus ad quem, or absolute date parameters known from other reasons, or suppose one identifies two items as known to be contemporary, or in a certain relative sequence, etc. The manual for the program warns that these parameters can be subjective and a false assumption entered as one of these parameters can skew the calibrations that result. Nevertheless the program allows the opportunity to "try out" what happens if various assumptions are made or parameters are assumed. In the best case, if absolutely sound and accurate non-radiocarbon additional information is entered, the resulting calibration output could be improved precision and better information over the usual routine, reported lab calibrations of radiocarbon dates (which do not take into account non-radiocarbon date information). The program works on Windows 95. The website link, with instructions on how to download the program, the manual, and who to contact for support, is: http://www.rlaha.ox.ac.uk/orau/06_ind.htm I am not aware of the Oxcal Bayesian approach having been calculated on the Qumran text or other Dead Sea text datings in any published or substantial, unpublished form. When I tried a while ago I gave up because of the slowness of the number- crunching and computer time required. All of the Dead Sea texts' raw lab data from the two series of datings which have been done at Zurich (1990) and Tucson (1994-1995) necessary to input into Oxcal can be found conveniently in the tables at pp. 468-471 in Flint & Vanderkam, _The Dead Sea Scrolls after Fifty Years_, Vol. 1, Brill 1998. Perhaps someone on this list would have the time and computer power to work with this. (I would certainly appreciate being contacted offlist if anyone does do some work with this.) I must admit to some skepticism as to the usefulness of the Oxcal v.3.3 methods in application to Qumran text datings at this stage. Does one assume a certain terminus ad quem for all Qumran texts on the basis of some archaeological argument (say 73 CE); or certain relative sequences in text datings based on the premise that typological developments in palaeography correlate 1:1 with relative chronological absolute sequence? Or that the texts 4QSam(c), dated at Zurich, and 1QS, dated at Tucson, must be no more than, say, 30 years apart because their scribal hands look like they are the same? etc. Suppose one makes a series of assumptions of this nature, and suppose (hypothetically) every one of the assumptions--whatever they are--are wholly accurate. The most serious uncertainty of all concerns the oil and British Leather Dressing contamination issue, discussed in my current publication (QC vol. 8, no. 4, Dec 1999). How does one assign any probability or evaluation to the chances that the datings of one or another Qumran text samples that have been dated were free from the effects of contamination or were contaminated, in light of what I bring out in that discussion concerning the massive scale of exposure the Qumran texts in the Rockefeller Museum, at least, received to these modern carbon-bearing contaminants? How does one get useful output from a program such as Oxcal v3.3 in the case of the 19 existing Qumran text datings unless this question can first seriously be answered? Gregory L. Doudna Copenhagen - ------------------------------------ Mark Hall wrote: > From Steve's post, it sounds like somebody needs to do a statistical > analysis for outlier detection > on the C14 data set ranging from simple univariate stats to a more > complicated Bayesian approach as > as advocated by Buck, et al and Ramsey. A few references on the Bayesian > approach are: > > Buck et al., BAYESIAN APPROACH TO INTERPRETING ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA > > Litton et al., The Bayesian appraoch to archaeological data, > ARCHAEOMETRY,Vol. 37, 1995 > > Ramsey, Radiocarbon calibration and the analysis of archaeological > stratigraphy, RADIOCARBON, Vol. 37, 1995. > > Hall, Towards an absolute chronology fro the Iron Age of Inner Asia, > ANTIQUITY, Vol. 71. > > While some may complain the Bayesian approach can prove anything, it does > , > when done > properly, force one to be extremely explicit about their models and > hypotheses. It also > provides a way of determining discrepant C14 dates. > > Later, Mark Hall > > ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 13:45:38 From: Willem Vogelsang Subject: ane Miho Museum Dear list members, I recently visited an exhibition in the Museum of Antiquities, Leiden, which included a large number of objects on loan from the Miho museum, Japan. As far as I could see, these objects were somehow acquired from Iran and Afghanistan. All these objects seem to have been acquired in very recent years. Do people know anything more about the Miho Museum, and about their morals as regards the acquisition of looted objects? Willem Vogelsang ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 15:39:21 +0100 From: Georges DEPEYROT Subject: ane Coin finds in Armenia: new book The 3rd book on coin issues and coin finds in Armenia is just published. This book contents coin finds from Duin (4-13th c.) and the inventory of Sasanian and Byzantine coins (pre islamic) found in Armenia (6-7th c.) with a general study of history, economy and settlement in Armenia during this period. You can find information on books and other numismatic publications on Georges Depeyrot, Chargé de recherche au CNRS, Centre de recherches historiques 54 Boulevard Raspail, 75006 Paris Fax + 33 1 49 54 23 99 MONETA (numismatic and economic history books): Orders and information on ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 16:52:15 +0200 From: Naccache Subject: Re: ane Excluding evidence (Ancient Israel) On Thu, 16 Mar 2000, Stephen Goranson wrote: > >Dear Albert Naccache, > > If I may, let me ask merely about one sentence you wrote. As an >"historian" of, shall we say, the area in question (area X) in ancient >times (ancient by any common definition), and putting aside for the moment >any particular interpretations or readings or a priori assumptions, why do >you assert that the inscription, if ancient, would not make "ANY >difference" to you? I am trying to get your story straight, but I thought >that historians of antiquity found all newly-discovered long inscriptions >from antiquity of at least some interest, and making some difference. Dear Stephen Goranson, It is a pleasure answering this message, for two reasons: 1 - We are finally getting at an analysis of our craft ("historians") and of what we take to be its object (area X, ancient or whatever time). This has always been my first priority. If you want to see an answer to these questions I wrote a few years ago, check my paper "The Empire of the Amorites Revisited" which you can find at (yup, its the only article I have been able to put there in 6 months, I am a lazy bum). 2 - It gives me an opportunity to elaborate on an interesting point. It is AFTER seing the interpretations or readings presented by scholars who consider it to be genuine that I am saying that the status of the Tel Dan stela would not make ANY difference to me as a "historian." Given that, even if genuine, the fragments cannot be dated by their archaeological context, the inscription cannot be used to establish the historical context, and, on the contrary, has to be fitted into the known historical context of the region as uncovered by archaeology. Admittedly, our image of the petty kingdoms of the North-West Mashriq (Syria, Syria-Palestine, Southern-Syria, Israel, the Levant, the Holy Land, etc.) from the end of the Bronze Age till the establishment of the Persian Empire is still pretty rough, but its outline is clear with its mosaic of small "Amorite/ Canaanite" states. There is no difficulty at all to accomodate within this picture Bayt `Umri/Israel and Judah/Bayt Dawoud, as these have been drawn by Israel Finkelstein in his "State formation in Israel and Judah" (NEA, 62:1, 1999). Now, since: - "the emergence of Judah as a fully developed state in the second half of the 8th century BCE" (Finkelstein), - and since, if genuine, the TDS harks back to the time of Hazael (~850 BC) (Biran & Naveh, IEJ, 45:1 (1995), 17), then: - the Dawoud refered to in the TDS, whoever he -or it?- is, cannot be the king of an as yet nonexisting kingdom. I have NO PROBLEM AT ALL WITH THAT. But you, or anyone else on the list who cares about this issue, might have a problem explaining how Hazael would have heard about the way the Judah dynasty will refer to itself hundred years after his, Hazael's, death? Finally, dear Stephen Goranson, you write: >Perhaps you could indicate what would count to you as "cogent arguments" >indicating antiquity, genuineness in this case. Sure, with pleasure, after you argue, and reject or accept the arguments I have made indicating why we should consider the Tel Dan Stela to be a fake. Cheers, Albert Naccache Beirut, Lebanon anaccash@nidal.com ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 17:29:09 +0200 From: "Jonathan D. Safren" Subject: Re: ane Excluding evidence (Ancient Israel) Rewgarding David the "hilltop chieftain" vs. David "the great king of Israel", the fact that later legend, fancym or tendential theological narrative have made something out of Biblical figures which they were originally not doesn't mean that they didn't exist, that "You can't have your cake and eat it too", as NPL not very convincingly put it. That Gilgamesh didn't do all the things attributed to him in the Gilgamesh Epic doesn't mean that there wasn't a king of Uruk by that name. That Sargon of Akkad wasn't placed in a reed basket on the Euphrates doesn't mean that there wasn't a Sargon. And that David didn't have a sex affair with Bathsheba, or perhaps didn't have an empire ranging as far as the Euphrates (absence of proof is not proof of absence), doesn't prove there wasn't a King David, as the Tel Dan Inscription would seem to indicate ptherwise. I notice that those who deny the authenticity of the Tel Dan Inscription, or part of it, are also those who tend to deny the historicity of any or all other parts of the Bible in general. Apparently the mention of bt dwd is a bone in their throats. I await Fred Cryer's study with great interest. Sincerely, - -- Jonathan D. Safren Dept. of Biblical Studies Beit Berl College 44905 Beit Berl Post Office Israel ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 10:45:42 -0500 From: goranson Subject: Re: ane Excluding evidence (Ancient Israel) Dear Albert, I admit failure to get you to answer my question on what it would take for you to admit genuineness. Nothing I have read from you, Garbini, and (to the extent available) Cryer/Gmirkin leads me to suspect forgery of the Tel Dan inscription, given all the indications of genuineness. The exact date is a matter of legitimate discussion, as are some proposed readings; the approximate ancient date range is fairly clear. I intend no further posts on the subject, pending new information. farewell, Stephen Goranson goranson@duke.edu ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 18:13:33 +0200 From: "Jonathan D. Safren" Subject: Re: ane Excluding evidence It was not my intention to include Nils Peter Lemche and Thomsas L. Thompson among those denying the authenticity of the Tel Dan Inscription, and I apologize. Sincerely, - -- Jonathan D. Safren Dept. of Biblical Studies Beit Berl College 44905 Beit Berl Post Office Israel ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 12:22:18 -0600 From: "Charles E. Jones" Subject: ane New Journal: Cahiers =?iso-8859-1?Q?Carib=E9ens?= d'Egyptologie Le GEREC Informatique et Linguistique (Université des Antilles Guyane) a le plaisir de vous informer de la parution des Cahiers Caribéens d'Egyptologie n°1 aux Editions Tyanaba Le numéro publie des articles de Bruce Williams, Stan Hendrickx, Terence DuQuesne, Jean-Loïc Le Quellec, Mubabinge Bilolo, Oum Ndigi, Alain Anselin, Daniel Montlouis-Calixte, Gaelle Jouet Sont également disponibles aux Editions Tyanaba : Alain Anselin "La Cruche et le Tilapia - une lecture africaine de l'Egypte nagadéenne", 1996, 140 pages Alain Anselin "L'Oreille et la Cuisse -essais sur l'invention de l'écriture hiéroglyphique",1999, 180 pages Tarifs port compris : Cahiers Caribéens d'Egyptologie n°1, 170 Francs français Alain Anselin "La Cruche et le Tilapia" 120 Francs français Alain Anselin "L'Oreille et la Cuisse" 130 Francs français _____________________________________________________________ Bon de commande à adresser à Madame Ghislaine Anglionin Editions Tyanaba 27 rue de la Gare 94230 Cachan France Nom et prénom : Adresse : Code postal Ville : Pays : _____________________________________________________________ Titres Nombre d'exemplaires Prix________ Total port compris Règlement : par chèque à l'ordre de Ghislaine Anglionin Please, include payment (check) made out to Ghislaine Anglionin ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 19:21:19 +0100 From: Ian Hutchesson Subject: ane High priest list in Josephus AJ 10,8,6 Dear list, I have come across list of high priests in AJ a rather divergent from that in 1 Chr. 6. This is the Josephus list: Zadok, Achimas, Azarias, (as is expected) Joram (Yohanan?), Isus (Azariah?), Axioramus, Phideas, Sudeas, Juelus, Jotham, Nerias, Odeas, (mostly in conflict with the standard list) Sallumus, Elcias, Sareas, Josedek (again as expected, though with the omission of Azariah between Hilkiah and Seraiah) A footnote refers me to a Jewish chronicle called Seder Olam, which, it would seem, also has a list of high priests. If anyone knows the work, does the list relate any of the unexpected names in the Josephus list? Are there any other non-biblical works that supply a similar list of high priests? If so, how do they compare? (Also, any post-exilic lists other than what can be gleaned from Josephus and Nehemiah?) Thanks for any indications. Ian Ian Hutchesson mc2499@mclink.it http.//www.geocities.com/Paris/LeftBank/5210/histreli.htm - --------------------------------------------------------- Some people learn from their mistakes! ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 12:46:15 -0600 From: Jeff Blakely Subject: ane Ancient Judah Hi, At 04:52 PM 3/17/2000 +0200, Naccache wrote: > Now, since: > - "the emergence of Judah as a fully developed state in the >second half of the 8th century BCE" (Finkelstein) Finkelstein's assertion is certainly not fact, it is simply an assertion that is not accepted by a majority of Iron Age archaeologists from the region. It is only one point of view that must be considered. Let us look at Tell ed-Duweir V-IV, a site some might accept as Lachish. Here we have a "Judahite" tell site that the archaeologists at Tel Aviv admit was a major administrative/military center which had to have been constructed before the late 9th century BCE (see the recently published MA thesis of Orna Zimhoni). It was built anew on the ruins of an LB tell site. Suddenly a massive, planned adminsitrative center is built in, shall we say, the mid-9th century BCE at the latest. At the same time (probably mid-9th -- pottery and architectual styles are the same as Tell ed-Duweir V/IV) at Tell el-Hesi, a massive double walled fortification system in which the lower wall was 13 meters wide was built around (at most) a 0.75 acre acropolis, which I might add was raised 4-5 meters in the constructional effort. This is a fort that was most expensive (capital outlay) to build. Why was it built? Other unexcavated sites nearby exhibit the same general unique shape. Suddenly, say in the mid-9th century, we have what appears to be a concerted constructional program of fortification of the SW Judean Hills. Given the location of the fort at Tell el-Hesi (and neighboring sites in all likelihood) in relation to Tell ed-Duweir, it suggests that the fortifications were aimed against people to the west and south. Who, I ask, in the Judean Hill country (since that is the type of material culture we are looking at on these sites) in the mid-9th century BCE had sufficient capital to build such a system? Who had the adminsitrative organization to direct it? Who had the need for such a system? Who could pay to "staff" it? One cannot argue that it was simply an internal development of Lachish, since nothing of any consequence was there immediately before. Somebody from someplace else (probably in the hill country to the east and north) with resources, organization, and a need did this. If we accept that there was no Judah at this time, then, I guess, either they were built by a very expansionistic Mesha (since no one else seems to be known from the fragmentary primary historical record), or, Tell ed-Duweir and Tell el-Hesi are illusions. I myself prefer illusions since then all of these dig records in my office are illusions and I would not have to deal with them. [N.B., by "Capital" I mean "human resources considered in terms of their contributions to an economy."] Jeff Blakely Project Director Joint Expedition to Tell el-Hesi ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 20:29:14 +0100 From: "chris.cleutjens" Subject: Re: ane Excluding evidence (Ancient Israel) Jonathan D. Safren wrote > I notice that those who deny the authenticity of the Tel Dan > Inscription, or part of it, are also those who tend to deny the > historicity of any or all other parts of the Bible in general. > Apparently the mention of bt dwd is a bone in their throats. I await > Fred Cryer's study with great interest. > Sincerely, Dear Jonathan, Do you believe what you write? What if the F. Cryer's study also ends in a denial of the authenticity? Will that end the discussion? I don't think so. There's a certain kind of people who will never give in. Maybe if YHWH himself declares it to them... THEN maybe they will give in. Until then, you can come with proof and studies as much as you want... They will believe what THEY want to believe... like "King David was the King of the World"... and "we are the knights who say: Ni ! Ni ! Ni !" kind regards Chris Cleutjens ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 23:26:56 +0200 From: Naccache Subject: re: ane re: Dan On Thu, 16 Mar 2000, Aren Maeir wrote: >Two point in relation to Dr. Naccache's friendly reply are: What did you expect when you insinuated that I was blaming the "conspiring Zionists"? You are supposed to know full well that this is a far worse insult even than calling me "anti Jewish," because it is an attempt at associating me with the most rabid kind of "antisemites", those who "hate the Jews, because the Jews are conspiring to dominate the world." I admit having been caustic (not vitriolic, which is an insult), but I was also careful not to use insults, and not to focus on you personally in my strongest attack (about the mistake in Arabic). >1) The references that he requested are: A. Biran. 1981. To the God who is Thank you, I'll check if they are available locally. >2) Would it be possible to locate the "distraught Zionist" who funded the >production of the inscription? I am sure many colleagues of mine (and >myself) would be happy to have our excavations funded as well :-) I am sorry to have to dash your hopes. It is nearly certain that the forger, if there was any, was a loner motivated by ideology, and not by monetary considerations. Now, since we have established a kind of dialogue, I would like to take this opportunity to reflect on our participation to the ANE-list, and on the "rules of engagement" that we can develop to regulate these proceedings. For those who might not realize what I am talking about, let me remind them that this forum is no ordinary "faculty lounge" where all participants are expected to be friends: - Here people "meet" whose encounter in real life would be considered an act of high-treason by their government and/or public opinion. - Not only that, but the bloody conflict in the NE has its unavoidable repercussions in the field of ANE studies (although the discussion of the actual conflict is not acceptable on list). It is my understanding that the ANE-list IS NOT A PARTISAN FORUM, that it admit of no central orthodoxy in the field. All opinions can and should be submitted to the same thrashing, and should survive only on their academic merit. I might be only one member, and the pro-Israeli and Biblicists might be 999, that does not mean that their opinions acquire any sanctity through sheer numbers, or that their opinions should be held above discussions, like a faith, or that discussing them is scandalous. All opinions, informations, theories should be treated with the same healthy dose of scientific scepticism. If you keep this in mind next time you start a fencing match with me, you will not take anything for granted, and you will be more careful. That can only be to the benefit of the spectators. Let the best ideas survive, Cheers, Albert Naccache Beirut, Lebanon anaccash@nidal.com ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 16:25:39 -0600 From: "Charles E. Jones" Subject: ane _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ From Andre B.J.M. Weijermars =========================================== FOAM FLEXIBLE LEARNING PRESENTS: ** _EASYLEARN CUNEIFORM_ ** Learn to read cuneiform writing! _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ is a complete interactive computer program which teaches you how to recognize individual signs in their Neo-Assyrian incarnations and transliterate words and sentences. This program is the result of an in-depth systematic approach combined with cutting edge programming. _Easy Learn Cuneiform_ is a highly interactive, self-paced and self-contained program that will have you reading cuneiform writing in record time. It is patient, effective, and continually monitors your progress. _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ takes you through a structured training program. Primarily targeted at university teachers and their students, it can also be used by all those interested in learning to read cuneiform. Two fonts are needed for this program, one to display the cuneiform signs, the other to display transliterations. Linguist's Software offers _LaserAkkadian_, the first font, to owners of _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ at a discount of 20%. The second font, Sippar (copyright © 1995 W. van Soldt), comes with the program for free. _EASYLEARN CUNEIFORM_`s THREE TOOLS I -- _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ Learn the syllabic values of cuneiform signs and groups of signs representing words and sentences. Do your tests and store the signs or sign groups you did not recognize as personal lesson files. A single copy of the program may be used by as many students as desired, and the program allows them to store all of their personal lesson files. II -- _EasyLearn Cuneiform Home_ A lite version that offers signs and sign groups representing words but no sentences. The best thing about it is that sign values are stored as graphics so you do not need expensive fonts! A single copy of this version may be used by one student only, as the program allows for storing not more than one individual's personal lesson files. III -- _EasyLearn Cuneiform Toolbox_ Generate your own lessons and choose whether to store them in _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ or _EasyLearn Cuneiform Lite_. THE _EASYLEARN_ MODULES There are six options you may choose from, the so-called _EasyLearn_ Modules. Using these modules you will learn to read cuneiform, practice what you have learned, and test your knowledge. Each lesson within one of these modules consists of a maximum of 25 items. Research has shown that 25 items per lesson is the maximum amount you can learn in an efficient way. Module 1: View View all the items of the lesson you have selected. They are presented in a scrollable list. Module 2: Learn See all you need to know about the items. Each time a syllabogram, word or sentence is presented together with its transliteration or transliterations. _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ allows for several methods of transliteration. Thus, the numbering of homophonous signs may for instance follow the system in which the second and third signs have acute and grave accents or are followed by the numbers 2 and 3 (albeit not in subscript), respectively. Module 3: Practice Practice by answering either multiple choice or fill-in questions. A syllabogram, word or sentence and up to four possible correct transliterations are presented. It is up to you to choose the correct transliteration. Module 4: SpeedMatch This module presents practicing in a game-like format. Here you not only have to determine whether two items match, but you have to do this as fast as possible, too. Your score is based upon the speed and the correctness of your answers. Module 5: Test Test what you have learned and answer the questions. With _EasyLearn Cuneiform_, you may choose between multiple choice questions, fill-in questions or a combination of both. With _EasyLearn Cuneiform Home_, it is only possible to use one preferred option from these two. Module 6: Review Quickly scan all the syllabograms, words and sentences. If you do not know a specific transliteration, just ask for it. COURSES The standard version of _EasyLearn Cuneiform Toolbox_ comes with several courses featuring syllabograms, words and sentences. There are four courses containing a total of 106 syllabograms and their transliterations. After every second course all the syllabograms of the previous courses are presented in a review course. There is one course featuring thirteen words and their transliterations. The last course features fourteen sentences from the Old-Babylonian Ishtar Hymn published by Thureau-Dangin in 1925 [RA 22 pp. 169-177]. In addition, there are unlimited possibilities to generate new courses. New courses may run on the beginner, intermediate, and/or advanced levels and are able to feature the exact information the student or teacher may desire (syllabograms, words, and/or sentences). WHAT PEOPLE ARE SAYING ABOUT _EASYLEARN CUNEIFORM_ A trial version of _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ was used for two years by Theo Krispijn of Leiden University and his first-year students. The feedback comments of both teacher and students were extremely positive and, on the average, those students involved passed their examinations with greater success than those who did not have access to _EasyLearn Cuneiform_. EXPERIENCE _EASYLEARN CUNEIFORM_ YOURSELF If you would like to experience _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ check out our homepage http://www.foam-flexiblelearning.com/en/cuneiform or call on one of our representatives who will be present at the RAI in Paris this summer. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ was developed to run on computers running MacOS. In the near future, a version for computers which run on Windows-OS will be available. If you are interested in this version, please send us an electronic message and put "Cuneiform for Windows" in the subject field. You will then be notified when the Windows version becomes available. Macintosh: * 68040 processor or better, we went down to LC 450 * System 8 [system 7 might do, but we did not test this] * 7000K of available RAM * 13 inch color monitor (minimum screensize of 640X480 pixels) * CD-ROM drive _EasyLearn Cuneiform_ comes on a single CD-ROM. HOW TO PURCHASE All major credit cards accepted. THE FUTURE Should there be great demand for additional features, FOAM flexible learning shall be happy to provide more courses featuring model Sumerian and Akkadian sentences and texts, and will also develop further applications to be used in the teaching of cuneiform writing and the languages written in it. CONTACT Andre B. J. M. Weijermars, M.A. andre@foam-flexiblelearning.com FOAM flexible learning P.O. Box 418 2300 AK Leiden The Netherlands e-mail: business@foam-flexiblelearning.com web: http://www.foam-flexiblelearning.com Phone: +31 (0)71 528 1190 Fax: +31 (0)71 573 0613 ------------------------------ Date: Fri, 17 Mar 2000 16:51:36 -0600 From: "Charles E. Jones" Subject: ane Job - Chicago - HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST [Posted initially on ANE - please repost where appropriate] HISTORY OF THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST The Oriental Institute and Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations of the University of Chicago invite applications for a tenure-track Assistant Professor of Ancient Near Eastern History, to begin Autumn quarter, 2001. Ability to conduct original research in some specialization within ancient Near Eastern history is required; regardless of research specialization, the candidate must understand the broad currents of history in the whole Near East from at least the third millennium B.C.E. until the Hellenistic period, and be able to coordinate and participate in a survey course on this topic. Familiarity with critical and theoretical approaches to the study of history is most desirable. Review of applications will begin 1 October, 2000. Send letter of application, curriculum vitae, and names and addresses of three referees to: Ancient Near Eastern History Search, c/o Office of the Director, The Oriental Institute, The University of Chicago, 1155 East 58th Street, Chicago, IL 60637-1569. For additional information, e-mail to: g-gragg@uchicago.edu The University of Chicago is an Affirmative Action, Equal Opportunity Employer. The text of this announcement also appears at: http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/INFO/OI_Announcements.html ------------------------------ End of ANE Digest V2000 #78 *************************** Back issues are available on the Oriental Institute World-Wide Web (WWW) site at: http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/ANE/OI_ANE.html