From: owner-ane To: ane-digest@oi.uchicago.edu Subject: Ancient Near East Digest V3 #140 Reply-To: Errors-To: owner-ane Precedence: bulk Ancient Near East Digest Tuesday, 30 April 1996 Volume 03 : Number 140 Sumerian Related to African/Darvidian? Re: Blindness & bagpipes Re: weegies Re: Sumerian Related to African/Darvidian? gift of the nile Egyptian Math on Athena Jordan root suppletion in Akkadian? Re: Sumerian Related to African/Darvidian? Re: test Re: root suppletion in Akkadian? Moshe Held Re: root suppletion in Akkadian? Al-Katib Re: Sumerian Related to African/Darvidian? Re: root suppletion in Akkadian? Re: root suppletion in Akkadian? Re: root suppletion in Akkadian? Ancient Egyptian math for k-8 Re: Blindness & bagpipes book on ancient wine Reg. my previous post early bagpipes Akkadian root suppletion Re: Blindness & Music Re: extracanonical NT parallels soph NAZI News Group /vote NO (FWD) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- From: "Clyde A. Winters" Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 17:27:52 -0500 (CDT) Subject: Sumerian Related to African/Darvidian? The appears to be close relationship between Dravidian, Manding (an African language) and the Sumerian languages. Although these people are separated in time and geographical space they show considerable anology. There are similar place names found were these people live according to the research of Alain Anselin , Nayar , and Vamos Toth Bator . Vamos Toth, has proven beyond a doult that these people shared cultural items and placenemes. The ancestors of the speakers of these languages probably lived in middle Africa, in the highland regions 6000 years ago.(6) The practiced a sedentary-pastoral lifestyle: lamb/ sheep cattle horse/mule dog Dravidian kuri, kori naaku pari oori Manding sara gunga bari wuru Sumerian sar,zar gud, gu paru ur In addition to sharing similar names for domesticated animals they also used a similar writing system .(1,2,) The Dravidian, Manding and Sumerian languages appear to be genetically related.(3,4) They share not only lexical items but also affixes and phonemic analogy.(5) C.A. Winters calls the ancestors of these people the Proto-Saharans.(6) B.B. Lal has shown that the Dravidians formerly lived in Nubia (7), and Winters has discussed the spread of the ancient Manding> Garamante people from the Saharan highlands into North Africa (8), and Europe. (9) many lexical items of the Dravidian, Manding and Sumerian languages collocate with one another due to their common heritage in the Sahara. Rawlingson was able to deciper Cuneiform mainly using African langauges from the Semitic and Cushitic groups. There is full correspondence between Dravidian, Manding and Sumerian lexical items in the initial consonants d, l,m,n,t, and s. Other phonetic correspondences include assimilation of k--g, p--f, b--p, s--c and l--r are interchangeable. For example: English Sumerian Manding Tamil (a Dravidian language) chief kal kele-tigi gaasa boat kalam kulu Kalam man tin tye kenten father pap pa appan lord manus mansa mannan person uku moko uk road sila sila caalai body ni ni niram flesh uzu subu uu child iti di kuttam container bar bara pai to send bala para bila to take dug du tekku to cut tar teg tege foot gir koro karal to desire bi fee paar to carve bur buru pirai The speakers of these languages also share analogous negative affixes: Sumerian nu-zu "Not to know" Manding na-ma "She may not" Dravidian sey(y)-a-mal "without stopping" Demonstrative bases Proximate Distant Finite Dravidian i a u Manding i a u Sumerian bi a Vogt has arguedm that the genectic model has three components (1) common physical type, (2) common cultural pattern, (3) genetically related languages.(10) A. Meillet, in < Introduction a l'etude comparatif des langues Indo-Europeenes> made it clear that comparative linguistics is centered around phonetic laws, analogy and loan words. Using Meillet's criteria for linguistic cognition we must agree that Manding, Dravidian and Sumerian are genetically related. The distance between these languages in time and space dfeat any notion that there analogy illustrated above is due to borrowing. This leads to only one conclusion, the speakers of these languages are related. Foot Notes: 1. C.A. Winters, "The ancient Manding Script". In , (ed.) By Ivan Van Sertima (Transaction Books,1983) pp.208-214. 2. J.V.K. Wilson, . Oxford,1974; S. Langdon, "The Indus Script". In , by Sir John Marshall London, 1931; C.A. Winters, "The Indus Valley Writing and related scripts of the 3rd millenium", , 2 (1), pp.13-19; H.S. David, "Some contacts and affinities between the Egypto-Minoan and the Indo(Dravido) Sumerian Culture", , (1953) 4(2), pp.169-175. 3. David, Op Cit.; K.L. Muttarayan, "Sumerian Tamil of the First Cankam" , ,(1975) 8, 40-61; C.A. Winters, "The Proto-Culture of the Dravidians, Manding and Sumerians", , (1984) 2(1), pp.1-9; C.A. Winters, "Tamil, Sumerian, Manding and the Genetic Model", , 18(1) (1989), pp.67-91. 4. Winters, "Tamil, Sumerian, Manding and the genetic model", pp.76-77. 5. Ibid., pp.75-80. 6. Winters, "Proto-Culture of the Dravidians....", passim. 7. B.B. Lal, "The Only Asian Expedition in threatened Nubia, , 20 April 1963. 8. Winters, "Tamil, Sumerian, Manding....", pg.74; C.A. Winters, "The migration routes of the Proto-Mande", , (1986) , pp.77-96. 9. C.A.Winters, "Les fondateur de la Grece venaient d'Afrique en passant par la Crete", (Dakar, Senegal), no.8 (1983), pp.13-18. 10. E.Z. Vogt, "The genetic model and Maya Cultural Development". In , (Ed.) by E.Z. Vogt and L. Ruz. (Mexico, 1964) pp. 9-48. 11. Vamos Toth Bator, , Honululu, 1983; T.B. Nayar, , Madras, 1977. References M. Delofosse, . Paris, 1901. T. Burrow & M.B. Emeneau, , London,1961. C. J. Gadd, , Oxford, 1924. C.G. Gostony, , Paris, 1975. A.W. Sjoberg, Vol.2, Philadelphia, 1984. ------------------------------ From: "Lester Ness lness@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu" Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 18:36:49 -0500 (EST) Subject: Re: Blindness & bagpipes Where bagpipes known in the ANE? When and where were they invented? Were they an extension of so-called circular breathing? Lester Ness lness@indiana.edu ------------------------------ From: bennett@pipeline.com (Ben Blumenberg) Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 19:49:28 -0400 Subject: Re: weegies I doubt anyone knows: certainly staying warm was a major priority through three of four seasons. Ben > >Rabbit makes better warmness than catskin; did they use catskin more >for decoration? > >Dick >ddawson@mailbox.syr.edu >http://web.syr.edu/~ddawson > ------------------------------ From: "James P. Robinson III" Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 17:47:22 -0700 Subject: Re: Sumerian Related to African/Darvidian? At 05:27 PM 4/29/96 -0500, Clyde A. Winters wrote: > The appears to be close relationship between Dravidian, Manding (an >African language) and the Sumerian languages. Although these people are >separated in time and geographical space they show considerable anology. > There are similar place names found were these people live according >to the research of Alain Anselin , Nayar of Dravidian Origins>, and Vamos Toth Bator . Vamos Toth, has >proven beyond a doult that these people shared cultural items and placenemes. > The ancestors of the speakers of these languages probably lived in >middle Africa, in the highland regions 6000 years ago.(6) The practiced a >sedentary-pastoral lifestyle: BIG SNIP Is there any historical or archeological evidence for such a claim?? I have never heard of any. Jim - -- *************************************************************************** James P. Robinson, III jprobins@ix.netcom.com **************************************************************************** ------------------------------ From: LCORCORAN@admin2.memphis.edu Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 20:21:37 -0600 (CST) Subject: gift of the nile Ron Leprohon rightly pointed out the reference by Herodotus to "the river", but don't you think it might have been a rather literal translation into Greek of pa Itrw, the river, there being only one river of merit in EGypt? L.H. Corcoran, The University of Memphis ------------------------------ From: wagers@computek.net (Will Wagers) Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 20:31:04 -0500 Subject: Egyptian Math on Athena There is a discussion of the extent and nature of borrowings by Greeks of Egyptian math. we could benefit from some expert opinion. There are two camps: 1. extensive borrowing. 2. insignificant borrowing since the Greeks developed proofs, the first truly "scientific" devlopment. Anyone interested might subscribe to athena (info below) or post to me. Athena is the discussion list for the Lefkowitz-Bernal debate, which has yet to materialize. - ----- X-POP3-Rcpt: wagers@ns1 Date: Mon, 22 Apr 1996 17:07:40 -0400 (EDT) To: wagers@computek.net From: lists@info.harpercollins.com Subject: Welcome to athena-discuss-digest Reply-To: lists@info.harpercollins.com - -- Welcome to the athena-discuss-digest mailing list! If you ever want to remove yourself from this mailing list, you can send mail to "lists@info.harpercollins.com" with the following command in the body of your email message: unsubscribe athena-discuss-digest wagers@computek.net (Will Wagers) Here's the general information for the list you've subscribed to, in case you don't already have it: Thank you for subscribing to the athena-discuss-digest mailing list. This list offers you the opportunity to exchange views with your fellow subscribers regarding the main "athena" debate between Martin Bernal and Mary Lefkowitz. You will receive these exchanges in a daily digest format. *To reply to an email or to initiate an email, simply send your message to athena-discuss@info.harpercollins.com and your email will be broadcast to all of the subscribers. *If you wish to receive these exchanges as they are broadcast, please send an email to lists@info.harpercollins.com with the following message: subscribe athena-discuss and unsubscribe to athena-discuss-digest by sending an email to lists@info.harpercollins.com with the message: unsubscribe athena-discuss-digest *For more information regarding the debate, please visit www.harpercollins.com/basic Please do not hesitate to emailinformation@harpercollins.com with any concerns or questions. Thanks! Will wagers@computek.net http://denton.computek.net/pub/wagers/ousia/Indologist.Shtml http://denton.computek.net/pub/wagers/ousia/Mayanist.Shtml ------------------------------ From: McMahen@aol.com Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 22:52:55 -0400 Subject: Jordan I'm trying to find a decent airfare to Jordan this Summer. Any tips on academic rates for those of us over 25? Please respond off list. Thanks. D. Jones ------------------------------ From: Andrew Gross Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 02:06:53 -0400 (EDT) Subject: root suppletion in Akkadian? Hello all, I was wondering if anyone knew of any examples of root suppletion in Akkadian. For Semitic languages, the only examples I could think of were in Biblical Aramaic (AZL/HLK and NTN/YHB). thanks, andrew gross ------------------------------ From: Jose Rubio Pardo Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 01:50:35 -0400 Subject: Re: Sumerian Related to African/Darvidian? On Mon, 29 Apr 1996, Clyde A. Winters wrote: > The appears to be close relationship between Dravidian, Manding (an > African language) and the Sumerian languages. Although these people are > separated in time and geographical space they show considerable anology. When you say "Manding", I think you may mean "Mandingo". "Mandenga", "Mandingo" have been some of the names previously used to refer to a whole group of languages called nowadays (by most scholars) just "Mande". It includes many languages: Bambara, Beng, Mende, etc. Otherwise, you may be referring to just one Mande language called "Manding" or "Mandekan". Actually, the problems of dialectalization in Mande are so complex that what is regarded by some scholars as a language, according to others it's a whole family. Anyways, you might find interesting to read D. J. DWYER's paper in J. Bendor-Samuel (ed) _The Niger-Congo Languages_ (Lanham MD: University Press, 1989_, pp. 47 ff. > There are similar place names found were these people live according > to the research of Alain Anselin , Nayar of Dravidian Origins>, and Vamos Toth Bator . Vamos Toth, has > proven beyond a doult that these people shared cultural items and placenemes. > The ancestors of the speakers of these languages probably lived in > middle Africa, in the highland regions 6000 years ago.(6) The practiced a > sedentary-pastoral lifestyle: I'm sure everybody could find similar coincidences between Basque and Tagalog, for instance, but that would be statistically irrelevant and methodologically pointless. Regarding the date, well, if one has enough imagination, 6000 years wouldn't be enough time (I mean, Sumerian was probably a spoken language 5000 years ago, so you should choose an earlier date). Seriously, and very respectfully, just focussed on the Sumerian material you quote, well, some words seem not to exist (manus = lord ?) or they have different meanings (pap means, sometimes, brother [Akk. ahu], but not father; kalam means land, not boat --I take this as a lapsus because of the ancient Greek metaphor for state, or you are reading that sign as UN [Akk. ni:$u], people, the same sign but a different word--; etc.). Along with serious scholarship (like the wonderful PSD), you seem to rely on Gostony's dictionary (Paris 1975) which is a nice piece of "imaginative" writing. I think I already gave this reference in this kind of never-ending discussion, but please read Edzard's (_BSOAS_ 39 [1976]: 637 f) and Hru$ka's (_OLZ_ 74 [1979]: 337 ff.) reviews. Sincerely, I don't think scholars like those working on PSD or Emeneau deserve to share quotation with Gostony (who, I'm sure, is/was a nice or even fun person, but whose book has as many mistakes as pages). Regarding Dravidian and the like. I understand some people have worked on that possible connection (I think Boisson has written something about that, although he has never published that stuff). However, the Mohenjo-daro/Harappa link is not clear at all, I'm afraid, in spite of Wilson's well-meaning attempt. Probably the most interesting book to read on that topic is Asko PARPOLA's _Deciphering the Indus Script_ (Cambridge 1994). He and his team seem to have identified just one possible Dravidian word (Tamil mi:n_ "fish"). However, one word is not enough (although there exist other arguments to point to a "Dravidian" hypothesis), we don't know too much on Dravidian in ancient times (even the Elamo-Dravidian hypothesis is just that, a hypothesis --although McAlpin's work is quite interesting), and we are still at the beginning: lack of enough evidence. For further discussion I dare suggest we should move this to the HISTLING list (I take my friend Andrew's good suggestion). Anyways, thanks. Gonzalo Rubio Near Eastern Studies Johns Hopkins University ------------------------------ From: Jonathan "D." Safren Date: Tue, 30 Apr 96 10:34:26 -0000 (B+2) Subject: Re: test I'm interested. So? Jonathan D. Safren Department of Biblical Studies Beit Berl College 44905 Beit Berl Post Office Israel ------------------------------ From: avigdor horovitz Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 11:47:56 +0300 (IDT) Subject: Re: root suppletion in Akkadian? On Tue, 30 Apr 1996, Andrew Gross wrote: > > Hello all, > > I was wondering if anyone knew of any examples of root suppletion in > Akkadian. For Semitic languages, the only examples I could think of were > in Biblical Aramaic (AZL/HLK and NTN/YHB). > > thanks, > > > andrew gross > How about $qw/$TY, to water and to drink. VIctor Hurowitz ------------------------------ From: avigdor horovitz Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 12:19:18 +0300 (IDT) Subject: Moshe Held Dear Everybody, SInce Moshe Held died in Beer Sheva, had taught at BGU for a brief spell, and was in negotiations for employment at BGU before his death, his student Hayim COhen organizes an annual conference on Biblical Philology in Held's memory. I have been asked this year to say some words about Held. I knew him and befriended him but was never a student of his, so I dont have a deep well of memories to publicize. I would very much appreciate any anecdotes or appropriate thoughts about Prof. Held which I may use in my remarks. Any respondents may communicate with me either personally or through the ANE group. Thank you all ahead of time for assistance, Victor Avigdor Hurowitz Dept. of Bible and ANE Ben Gurion University Beer Sheba, ISRAEL ------------------------------ From: Alexis Manaster Ramer Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 08:20:05 -0400 Subject: Re: root suppletion in Akkadian? There are examples of root suppletion in the MODERN Semitic languages, e.g., Modern Hebrew 'MR/HGD. Alexis ------------------------------ From: James Coakley Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 08:38:21 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Al-Katib I have been looking at a version of the Windows program Al-Katib which includes Syriac. The founts look nice, but I am not familiar with the basic program for which the Syriac is an add-on. Is there anyone who could give me an opinion of Al-Katib as a word-processing program for Arabic or could point me to a review of it? Chip Coakley ------------------------------ From: Alexis Manaster Ramer Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 08:50:59 -0400 Subject: Re: Sumerian Related to African/Darvidian? Before we could even discuss such a claim, we would have to do a number of things which have not been done. The main one is that since Mande is part of a much larger language family, we would have to compare not Mande but the whole family to Dravidian and Sumerian. Without this, there is simply nothing to discuss: you are doing the equivalent of comparing Polish to Hebrew or a giraffe to an amoeba. There are other things, but they pale in comparison. These include the fact that you have get the forms and meanings right, which is a particular problem in the case of Dravidian whose reconstruction is in a very parlous state; you have to find parallels other than place names (which are to be ignored at an early stage like this because we know little about their original meanings) and names of domestic animals (which are notorious Wanderworter; compare English kangaroo, giraffe, okapi, etc.); and you have make at least a stab at saying something about the supposed correspondences, the morphology, etc., etc. There is no need to ask, as Jim does, about historical or archeological evidence. There is NO LINGUISTIC evidence here at all. Alexis MR ------------------------------ From: avigdor horovitz Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 16:03:54 +0300 (IDT) Subject: Re: root suppletion in Akkadian? On Tue, 30 Apr 1996, Alexis Manaster Ramer wrote: > There are examples of root suppletion in the MODERN Semitic > languages, e.g., Modern Hebrew 'MR/HGD. > > Alexis > Dear Alexis, I would be extremely cautious about learning anything about Semitic languages from modern Hebrew! It is extremely fluid, and very difficult to document. Whom are you going to ask to verify that two supposedly synonymous words or roots actually are used in different, well defined circumstances and consistently so at that? IT's so much easier to work with dead languages and limited corpora. In a modern language still spoked anything can and does happen, and this is to say nothing about a language which was in a state of suspended animation for a long time and was ressucitated by people who thought in languages far removed from it. AVigdor Hurowitz Ben Gurion University Beer Sheva, ISRAEL ------------------------------ From: Andrew Gross Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 10:16:00 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Re: root suppletion in Akkadian? On Tue, 30 Apr 1996, avigdor horovitz wrote: > On Tue, 30 Apr 1996, Andrew Gross wrote: > > > > > Hello all, > > > > I was wondering if anyone knew of any examples of root suppletion in > > Akkadian. For Semitic languages, the only examples I could think of were > > in Biblical Aramaic (AZL/HLK and NTN/YHB). > > > > thanks, > > > > > > andrew gross > > How about $qw/$TY, to water and to drink. > VIctor Hurowitz Thanks, Gonzalo had pointed out this one out to me, but he thought that this type of suppletion (i.e., using one root for one binyan and another root for another binyan) might not "count". I guess I should not split hairs like that, but I would be really curious if there are any examples of suppletion *within* a single binyan. Nonetheless, these examples are good, and i appreciate them. andrew gross ------------------------------ From: dtesten@midway.uchicago.edu (David Testen) Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 10:19:18 -0500 (CDT) Subject: Re: root suppletion in Akkadian? >I was wondering if anyone knew of any examples of root suppletion in >Akkadian. For Semitic languages, the only examples I could think of were >in Biblical Aramaic (AZL/HLK and NTN/YHB). > What about the grotesquely conjugated verb meaning 'stand' (izzuzzu) as a potential example? In any event, the best place to start looking would be the section on 'unregelmaessige Verben' in von Soden's GAG. David Testen Department Secretary Slavic Languages and Literatures 1130 East 59th Street Chicago, Illinois 60637 (312) 702-8033 slavic-department@uchicago.edu ------------------------------ From: Milo Gardner Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 09:18:42 -0700 (PDT) Subject: Ancient Egyptian math for k-8 Dustin Donahue asks an important question. Are there k-8 Egyptian materials available on the internet that are readable? My suggestion would be for teachers to log onto web sites like http://www.seanet/~ksbrown/ and look under History of Math, and http://www.ics.uci.edu/~eppstein/numth/egypt/ The first web site belongs to Kevin Brown. Kevin asks and details 'why Egyptian unit fractions?'in a manner that historically minded teachers may appreciate. Kevin Brown introduces one aspect of a grade 6-8 Egyptian unit, the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus 2/nth table, in a manner that even connects to high school algebra. The attached review of a possible historical connection to the famous Euclidean Algorithms is an example of several ancient 'local' algorithms that dominated both Egyptian and Greek unit fraction numeration for over 2,500 years. For the younger student, such as 4th graders, the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll (EMLR) can be logged onto by teachers from Kevin Brown or David Eppstein's web page to Pharaoh's Heart 'papers and publications'. Given a little internet and Egyptian fraction homework teachers should be able to convert ancient Egyptian exact arithmetic into exciting units for both advanced students, grades 4-8, and remedial students, above grade 4, suffering 'math anxiety' from the subtlier computational skills of modern fractions. Milo Gardner Sacramento, CA > > Could you restate the u,v table rules, one more time? > > When I talk about u,v tables I'm just referring to the solutions (usually > integer solutions) of an equation like > > n / 1 1 \ / 1 1 \ > --- = ( --- + --- ) ( --- + --- ) > 311 \ 4 311/ \ u v / > and why not state as, there can always be found one n/p member by applying the Euclidean algorithm such that: n/p = (1/n + 1/p)(1/u + 1/v). Given one small and short Egyptian/Greek unit fraction, found by a 'local' Eucludean algorithm, an additional proportion can be applied to find additional n/p members (but not always). example (Akhmim P.): 3/17 = (1/3 + 1/17)(1/4 + 1/5) = 12' 15' 68' 85' as stated in 4/17 = 12' 15' 17' 68' 85' and proportionally reducing 1/4 + 1/5 = 9/20 such that x:8/17 as 9/20:3/17. The answer is x = 6/5. Note 6/5 parses to (1/1 + 1/5) such that the Akhmim P. lists 8/17 = (1/1 + 1/5)(1/3 + 1/17) = 3' 15' 17' 85' > Only certain values of u and v will give an integer value of n when plugged > into this equation. You can solve this by factorization, but in practice > it's easier to just chugg it through the computer and have it pick out the > integer solutions. > ------------------------------ From: Troy Sagrillo Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 12:22:05 -0400 Subject: Re: Blindness & bagpipes Lester Ness lness@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu wrote: > > Were bagpipes known in the ANE? I have read references to a supposed bagpipe in a Hittite relief at Eyuk (the citation was to John Garstang's _Land of the Hittites_ p. 260, but I have not taken a look at it and have my doubts). The earliest iconographic evidence that is *generally* accepted as bagpipes comes from 3 terracotta figurines from Ptolemaic Alexandria (dated to the last century BCE) published in (and elsewhere): Hickman, Han (ed.). 1961. Musikgeschichte in Bildern: Musik der Altertums. vol. 2: A"gypten. Leipzig. All three (which are slightly different) show a man playing a syrinx (pan pipe) held in his left hand. However under his left elbow is what is apparently an inflated bag, into which is tied a pipe held at the end by the right hand. There does not seem to be any pipe for inflating the the bag (nor a bellows). However, in India some musicians in the 19th century were known to play the nose flute and accompany themselves with a drone pipe attatched to a bag that was inflated by blowing directly into the drone pipe as necessary. Textual references to ancient bagpipes are equally scant. Suetonius mentions in _Lives of the the 12 Caesars_ that Nero was an _ulticalarius_, a bagpiper (maybe he played the pipes while Rome bunt! ;^> ). Aristophanes *might* be speaking of bagpipes (or related bladder pipes) in _Lysistrata_ (1242), with a refernce to "taking a bladder" to make music for a Spartan dance. In _The Acharnians_ (862), he is more explicit, when a Boetian merchant travelling to Athens from Thebes tells some pipers to play outside the house of Dicaeopolis: "You pipers who are here from Thebes, with bone pipes blow up the 'posterior' of a dog" (I don't read Greek, so I don't know if this translation is accurate); the offended Dicaeopolis then complains about the waspish, droning sound. (Bags of dog skin are still occasionally used in Maltese, Hungarian, and North African bagpipes.) > When and where were they invented? Most musicologists think that the earliest bagpipes were probably from India or Iran and were then borrowed by the Greeks. In Europe, it may have been lost and then "re-invented" in the Middle Ages. There is a "popular" book on the subject: Collinson, Francis. 1975. The Bagpipe: A History of a Musical Instrument. London and Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul. But better still is: Baines, Anthony. 1979. Bagpipes. 4th ed. Occasional Papers on Technology 9; eds. T. K. Penniman and B. M. Blackwood. Oxford: Pitt Rivers Museum, University of Oxford. (but both need to be revised so use with care!) > Were they an extension of so-called circular breathing? More likely to provide a drone to a musical pipe or another instrument. The blow-stick of mouth-blown bagpipes either has a valve or is "tongued" shut when the piper takes a breath. Circular breathing with a bagpipe is impossible -- the pressure is too great. Troy Sagrillo Dept. of Near Eastern Studies University of Toronto URL: http://www.chass.utoronto.ca:8080/~sagrillo/ ------------------------------ From: "Lester H. Cole" Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 09:25:46 -0700 (PDT) Subject: book on ancient wine Mr Mark Nesbitt yesterday was glowing in his suggestions about the McGovern, Fleming, and Katz' work on _The Origins and Ancient History of Wine_. Item: call the number Mr Nesbitt gave & you'll be told Gordon & Breach (the publisher) can't give you any prices or availability. For *those*, you must call their distributor, the U of Toronto. Item: Mr Nesbitt, in speaking about price, said, "55 pounds in Britain (about 90 dollars), but individuals can order it for about half price direct from the publishers. Since one *can't* order from the publisher, the distributor puts the price at $85. Aside from those points, Mrs Lincoln, how'd you enjoy the play? Les Cole (lhcole@rain.org) ------------------------------ From: John Haynes Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 12:55:54 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Reg. my previous post I'm afraid I was a little unclear in my previous post. I was not sending out an invitation to a new web site. Sorry to disappoint. I am working on my BA in history. I plan to pursue work in ancient near eastern history, particularly ancient Hebrew, etc... I was kind of hoping to learn a little from some of you who are more educated in this field than I am. I hope this clears things up a bit. Thanks, John ------------------------------ From: "Lester H. Cole" Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 09:53:17 -0700 (PDT) Subject: early bagpipes Lester, Galpin (_The Music of the Sumerians_) discusses bagpipes (p19): "On a Susian figurine . . . attributed to the eighth century B.C. there is displayed a 'bent' pipe: it has been considered part of a bagpipe and, if so, it would be the earliest illustration of that delightful instrument at present known . . ." He also refers to a possible Assyrian bagpipe of the seventh century B.C. but says it's questionable. Best, Les Cole (lhcole@rain.org) ------------------------------ From: sidd@umich.edu (Gary Beckman) Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 13:07:27 -0400 (EDT) Subject: Akkadian root suppletion If by "root suppletion" is meant a phenomenon like that of Greek erchomai/elthon, "to come," or the mixed forms of the past tense of English "to be," I can't think of any instance in which a single paradigm is composed of elements from different roots in Akkadian. But something similar would be presented by Akkadian i$u, "to have" (so-called "prefixing stative"), with its ingressive partner ra$u, "to acquire." The peculiar i/uzzuzzu, "to stand," suggested in a previous post is not an example of suppletion, but is rather from a bi-radical root *ziz with "pseudo-n root augument," if I may coin a term. That is, although there is no infinitive *nazazu, the prefixing forms may all be understood as from *nzz (e.g., *inzaz > izzaz). Note also the imperative iziz (cf. idin). The a/i ablaut (cf. alaku and the N-stem), the doubling of the second N in suffixed forms (cf. middle weak verbs), and the infinitive (for late uzzuzzum cf. D-stem) are just irregular! Gary Beckman Near Eastern Studies University of Michigan home address & phone: 140 North Seventh Street Ann Arbor, MI 48103 313-668-6877 ------------------------------ From: crowld@rapidramp.com (Loren Crow) Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 12:58:47 -0500 Subject: Re: Blindness & Music At 12:35 PM 4/29/96, Troy Sagrillo wrote: >This is apparently a myth, and one that I have heard blind individuals address >(with some vehemence, I would add) on several occasions. I do not know for >certain, having not researched it, but it might be wise to not equate blindness >with "better" aural skills. Personally I think the sterotype of a very talented >blind musician has more to do with the musician having lots of time to >practice >and perform (especially in the ancient world), not to mention talent (as Will >points out as well). The image of the blind musician/poet/story-teller &c, >probably has basis in the fact that this *was* a useful role that a blind >person in antiquity could take with success (kind of hard to farm or be a >scribe if you can't see). There was a very interesting report on NPR a couple of weeks ago that cited recent medical evidence that blindness can indeed lead to increased abilities in other areas. This was especially true when those other areas are related to aspects of seeing, such as geometric abstraction or reading. I don't remember what day it was, but it might be worth checking the NPR site on the web: http://www.npr.org Loren ========================================================================== # Loren D. Crow, Ph.D. ++ Office Phone: (903) 927-3219 # # Department of Religion ++ Fax: (903) 938-8100 # # Wiley College ++ # # 711 Wiley Avenue ++ Email: crowld@rapidramp.com # # Marshall, TX 75670 ++ WWW: http://www.rapidramp.com/Users/crowld # ========================================================================== "I have striven not to laugh at human actions, not to weep at them, nor to hate them, but to understand them." - Baruch (Benedict) Spinoza ------------------------------ From: "K.C. Hanson" Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 13:53:03 -0500 (CDT) Subject: Re: extracanonical NT parallels On Mon, 29 Apr 1996 edwin@access.digex.net wrote: > If you know of a New Testament volume comparable to _Old > Testament Parallels_ or _Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating > to the Old Testament_, please let me know. > Ed Hostetter Ed, There have been several collections of ancient documents "keyed" to the New Testament. *C. K. Barrett, _The New Testament Background: Selected Documents_. Rev. ed. New York: Harper & Row, 1989. This is perhaps the most widely distributed. The first edition came out in 1956. It is organized by types of documents [excerpts] (e.g., the papyri, inscriptions, philosophical treatises). It is available in paperback, and is approximately 300pp. *Howard Clark Kee, _The New Testament in Context: Sources and Documents_. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984. This is in fact a revised edition of his 1973 work: _The Origins of Christianity: Sources and Documents_. It is organized with 4 major headings: "The Political Context," "The Religious Context," "The Literary Context," and "The Philosophical Context," with several sub-headings under each. This is available in paperback, and is approximately 239pp. *David R. Cartlidge and David L. Dungan. _Documents for the Study of the Gospels_. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1980. This is organized under three major headings: "The Christian Savior" (some complete, some excerpts from non-canonical gospels); "Greek, Jewish, and Roman Parallels Ilustrating the Milieu of the Gospels" (topics organized by, e.g., "Birth and Youth" "Teaching"); and "Greek and Jewish 'Gospels'" (e.g., on Apollonius, and Moses). I seem to recall that this was coming out in a 2nd ed., but I can't find a handy reference to it. This edition is 278pp and is in paperback. *Eugene Boring, Klaus Berger, and Carsten Colpe. _Hellenistic Commentary to the New Testament_. Nashville: Abingdon, 1995. This is organized by the sequence of the NT books and the individual passages. After a brief citation of parallel ancient documents, the parallels are commented upon. This is hardback, and is 631pp for $70. *Vernon K. Robbins. _Ancient Quotes and Anecdotes From Crib to Crypt_. Foundations and Facets: Reference Series. Sonoma, CA: Polebridge. This is a collection of "pronouncement stories" organized under 13 heading from birth to death. The most developed heading is "Adult" which has 8 sub-headings (e.g., Family, Women, Leaders). This is paperback, and is 493pp. *H. L. Strack and P. Billerbeck. _Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud und Midrasch_. 6 vols. Munich, 1926--1956. This is a classic work (though perhaps dated in it use of the rabbinic sources) providing interpretations of NT passages in terms of rabbinic parallels. **************** If you expand your search beyond those volumes which are specifically keyed to the NT, there are numerous collections of documents from the Roman era. Two of the handiest I have found are: Jo-Ann Shelton. _As the Romans Did: A Sourcebook in Roman Social History_. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1988. This has 15 major headings organized by social topics: e.g., Families, Education, the Army). It is available in paperback, and is 492pp. Naphtali Lewis and Meyer Reinhold, eds. _Roman Civilization: Selected Readings_. Vol II: _The Empire_. 3rd ed. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1990. This is organized under 10 main headings (e.g., "The Roman Peace (A.D. 14--192): Economic Life"). It also includes a section on coins. It is available in paperback, and is 674pp. I hope this is of some help. Peace, K. C. Hanson ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ kchanson@creighton.edu Dept. of Theology Creighton University 2500 California Plaza Omaha, NE 68178-0116 ------------------------------ From: David Meadows Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 15:08:52 -0400 (EDT) Subject: soph As many of you are no doubt aware, I am in the midst of the `Athena' imbroglio (ostensibly discussing M. Lefkowitz' *Not Out of Africa* but really arguing about race and such). In the course of this discussion was mentioned T. Obenga's claim that sophos does not come from an Indoeuropean root -- I asked about this over on the Indoeuropean list and did receive a confirmation of that (only one line; I can't say much more about it). And so I now ask the learned company here about the root soph in any of the languages of the Near East -- since the word does appear in Homer I'm somewhat reluctant to accept blinding Obenga's claim that it comes from the Egyptian (sbau? or something like that), but I wouldn't be surprised if it had some other near eastern language lurking behind it. Any takers? dm At 08:20 4/30/96 -0400, Alexis Manaster Ramer wrote: >There are examples of root suppletion in the MODERN Semitic >languages, e.g., Modern Hebrew 'MR/HGD. > >Alexis > > ------------------------------ From: ECOLING@aol.com Date: Tue, 30 Apr 1996 15:24:00 -0400 Subject: NAZI News Group /vote NO (FWD) The following message was forwarded to me from a friend in Texas. I think all concerned with public decency may wish to know about this vote. I believe it is of interest to all who support the rights of peoples to their diverse cultures. Therefore I am forwarding it to two email networks on which I am an active participant. Use your own best judgement based on the information here presented. I have no further information. Sincerely yours, Lloyd Anderson Following is message as I received it. ***** FYI I am not sure if we should censor these Nazi Monsters. BUT here in Texas there is a WEB page with photos of beaten up Mexicans and Blacks that is being used to recruit more skinhead Nazis. It has all the networking connections a hatemonger could want. You be the judge. Please use your vote wisely, your forefolks fought hard so you would have it! tell me if you want me to stop forwards to you - I will. >Date: Mon, 29 Apr 1996 22:23:25 -0500 (CDT) > >Subject: Nazi news group / vote NO (fwd) > >Content-Length: 2670 > > > >Subject: Nazi news group / vote NO > >Please distribute the following message as you seem appropriate. > >A group of neo-nazis are trying to form a newsgroup on Usenet >called rec.music.white-power, so that they can get their message of >hate out to young people using the Internet. Newsgroups are public >discussion areas on the Internet and their formation requires enough >support from the Internet community. >EACH AND EVERY ONE OF YOU HAS >ONE VOTE when it comes to creating a new Usenet group. I hope you will >vote NO and thereby tell these Nazis you don't want their stuff on the >net. Below is the procedure, please repos my plea and get the NO vote >out. This is my personal opinion. If you want to see the official >call for votes, you can. Do _not_ vote twice - that would constitute >voting fraud. > >HOW TO VOTE: > >Send E-MAIL (posts to a newsgroup are invalid) to: > > music-vote@sub-rosa.com > >This is an impartial, third-party vote taker. > >Do not REPLY to THIS message, if you are trying to vote. Please do >not assume that just replying to this message will work. Check the >address before you mail your vote. Your mail message should contain >only one statement: > > I vote NO on rec.music.white-power > > >Vote counting is automated. Failure to follow these directions may >mean that your vote does not get counted. If you do not receive an >acknowledgment of your vote within three days contact the votetaker >about the problem. It's your responsibility to make sure your vote is >registered correctly. > >Here's what Canada's George Burdi, of the neo-Nazi Heritage Front, had >to say about this vote, on February 21, on his RESISTANCE mailing >list: > > "There is a call for votes > coming on rec.music.white-power in the next week > or so, and you will be notified in a special issue of > RREN exactly what to do. FOLLOW THE > INSTRUCTIONS TO THE LETTER. Let me be > perfectly blunt and state that we have more than > enough "net-nazis" to win this thing hands-down. > But every one of you must vote YES! And just > voting yes means nothing unless you do it properly. > So you have been forewarned. The instructions > are coming to your email box soon, and they > are not complicated. Just follow them as told, > and we will have a WP music newsgroup finally!" > >If Mr. Burdi's confidence disturbs you, please give this letter >the_widest_ possible distribution, and help us deliver the largest NO >vote in the history of UseNet. > > >Gary Romalis >Art Caplan Center for Bioethics >University of Pennsylvania >3401 Market St. Suite 320 >Phila Pa 19104 >phone # 215-898-7136 (work) ------------------------------ End of Ancient Near East Digest V3 #140 *************************************** Back issues are available by two means: anonymous FTP at oi.uchicago.edu in pub/ane/ OR on the World Wide Web (WWW) at ftp://oi.uchicago.edu/pub/ane/